Asks the court to decide some or all of a case without trial because the material facts are undisputed. The defendant's last realistic exit before trial.
A request to resolve some or all of a case without trial because there is 'no genuine dispute as to any material fact' and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Unlike a motion to dismiss, summary judgment looks beyond the pleadings to actual evidence — depositions, documents, sworn declarations.
Typically filed after discovery is substantially complete. Defendants use it to escape trial when the plaintiff cannot prove an essential element; plaintiffs use it on individual claims (often liability while leaving damages for trial) or against affirmative defenses.
The opposing party files a counter-statement of facts and an opposition brief, attaching evidence to show there ARE genuine disputes. They may also cross-move for summary judgment in their own favor on different issues.
Granted (case resolved without trial), denied (case proceeds to trial), or granted-in-part (some issues decided, trial narrowed to the remainder). Denials are not immediately appealable; grants are.