Plea Agreement
An agreement in which a criminal defendant pleads guilty under negotiated terms with the government.
Governing rule: Fed. R. Crim. P. 11
Plain-English definition
A plea agreement resolves a criminal case without trial. It may cover the charges admitted, dismissed counts, sentencing recommendations, restitution, forfeiture, cooperation, appeal waivers, and factual admissions. The judge is not always bound by every recommendation.
How it works
The court conducts a plea colloquy to confirm the plea is knowing, voluntary, and supported by facts. Sentencing usually occurs later after a presentence report.
Why it matters
Most criminal cases end by plea. The agreement, not a trial transcript, often becomes the key document for consequences and sentencing exposure.