Criminal Procedure
Arraignment
A criminal proceeding where charges are formally read or presented and the defendant enters an initial plea.
Governing rule: Fed. R. Crim. P. 10
Plain-English definition
Arraignment is one of the first formal steps in a criminal case. The court confirms the charges, addresses counsel, takes a plea, and may discuss release conditions or scheduling. In most cases, the initial plea is not guilty so the case can proceed to motions and negotiation.
How it works
The defendant must be informed of the charge and called on to plead. Waivers and remote appearances depend on the rule, case type, and court practice.
Why it matters
Arraignment starts the formal defense calendar and often sets the tone for bail, discovery, and plea discussions.
Related terms
More in Criminal Procedure
Allocution
A defendant’s opportunity to speak directly to the judge before sentence is imposed.
Bail
Release before trial under conditions designed to assure appearance and protect the community.
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
The constitutional proof standard the government must meet to convict a defendant of a crime.
Bond
A financial or secured promise tied to a defendant’s release and future court appearances.
Indictment
A formal criminal charging document issued by a grand jury after finding probable cause to accuse the defendant.
Information
A criminal charging document filed by a prosecutor without a grand jury indictment.
Plea Agreement
An agreement in which a criminal defendant pleads guilty under negotiated terms with the government.
Probable Cause
A practical probability standard used for arrests, searches, warrants, and some charging decisions.
Not legal advice. Definitions are for general reference. Consult an attorney before relying on any term in a real case.