Evidence
Relevance
The threshold evidence concept requiring proof to make a consequential fact more or less likely.
Governing rule: Fed. R. Evid. 401-402
Plain-English definition
Relevant evidence has some tendency to make an important fact more or less probable. The bar is low, but not meaningless. Evidence can be relevant even if it is not decisive, and irrelevant evidence is not admissible in federal court.
How it works
Courts ask what fact the evidence is offered to prove and whether that fact matters under the claims, defenses, or elements at issue.
Why it matters
Relevance is the first gate every exhibit and question must pass before more specific objections are considered.
Related terms
More in Evidence
Attorney-Client Privilege
A protection for confidential communications between attorney and client made for the purpose of seeking or giving legal advice.
Authentication
The requirement to show that evidence is what the offering party claims it is.
Burden of Proof
The obligation to prove a claim, defense, or issue to the required legal standard.
Business Records Exception
A hearsay exception for records kept in the regular course of business under reliable recordkeeping conditions.
Clear and Convincing Evidence
A heightened proof standard requiring evidence stronger than preponderance but below beyond a reasonable doubt.
Daubert Motion
A pre-trial challenge to the admissibility of expert testimony, asking the court to act as gatekeeper over scientific or technical evidence.
Expert Witness
A witness allowed to give opinion testimony because specialized knowledge will help the factfinder understand evidence or decide facts.
Hearsay
An out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of what the statement asserts.
Not legal advice. Definitions are for general reference. Consult an attorney before relying on any term in a real case.