Civil Procedure
Interrogatories
Written discovery questions that one party sends to another party and that must be answered under oath.
Governing rule: Fed. R. Civ. P. 33
Plain-English definition
Interrogatories are written questions used to pin down facts, identify witnesses, describe damages, and learn the opposing party’s theory of the case. They are answered in writing under oath, usually by a party rather than by counsel alone.
How it works
Federal practice limits the number of interrogatories unless the court allows more. Objections must be stated specifically, and evasive answers can lead to a motion to compel.
Why it matters
Interrogatory answers often become admissions that shape depositions, summary judgment, and trial preparation.
Related terms
More in Civil Procedure
Amended Complaint
A revised complaint that changes, adds, or clarifies allegations, parties, or claims after the original complaint was filed.
Answer
The defendant's formal written response to the plaintiff's complaint, admitting or denying each allegation.
Class Certification
The judicial decision to allow a lawsuit to proceed as a class action on behalf of similarly-situated plaintiffs.
Collateral Estoppel
Also called issue preclusion. The doctrine that prevents re-litigating a specific issue that was actually decided in a prior case.
Complaint
The initial pleading filed by the plaintiff that starts a civil lawsuit.
Consolidation
Combining related cases for coordinated management, discovery, hearings, or trial.
Counterclaim
A claim brought by a defendant against the plaintiff within the same lawsuit.
Crossclaim
A claim by one party against a co-party, such as one defendant suing another defendant in the same case.
Not legal advice. Definitions are for general reference. Consult an attorney before relying on any term in a real case.